List of things that blow my mind

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This is a list of various concepts and ideas that I find so profound they blow my mind. Not all of these concepts are complete, but most of them appear to be

Concept Description
Determinism Freewill is an illusion, our choices and even our very thoughts are determined by existing events entirely outside of our control.
Emergence Complex and unpredictable properties emerge out even the most basic rules. For example, Conway's Game of Life.
Euler's identity e^(i * pi) + 1 = 0. Several unrelated mathematical constants arranged in a specific order in an equation equal zero.
Evolution If mutation exists in reproduction, a population will evolve over time in complex unpredictable ways.
Genetics The recipe for life is so unbelievably convoluted that minor changes in one gene can cause major changes in seemingly unrelated areas. For example, the domesticated fox experiment.
Microscopic and Macroscopic worlds Entire structures exist and thrive both at levels much smaller than we can see, and much larger than we can fathom. For example, gut flora and large scale structure
Natural selection Organisms capable of evolution, when in an environment with limited resources, will evolve to better utilize those resources.
Naturalism The supernatural and spiritual do not exist. Everything in the universe behaves according to natural laws.
Programmatic recursion A simple function can call itself to create complex results. For example, Sierpinski triangle.
Symbiogenesis Some biological organisms evolved from initially separate organisms that developed a symbiotic relationship so compatible as to become one organism. For example, mitochondria.
Wave–particle duality At the quantum level, matter behaves both like a wave and particle depending on whether it interacts with other matter. For example, the double-slit experiment.