Difference between revisions of "List of misunderstood words in the King James Bible"
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− | This page is a list of words in the [[King James Version]] of the bible that will most likely be misunderstood by a modern reader either because the word is no longer used in modern English or because the word no longer means what it meant when the | + | This page is a list of words in the [[King James Version]] of the bible that will most likely be misunderstood by a modern reader either because the word is no longer used in modern English or because the word no longer means what it meant when the KJV was made centuries ago. The purpose of this list is not only to help modern readers of the KJV better understand what they're reading, but also to demonstrate to those who believe the King James Version is the "best" translation that, unless you're a scholar of ancient English, you will misunderstand much of it text. |
This list is by no means complete, and I will add to it over time. | This list is by no means complete, and I will add to it over time. | ||
==Changed Meanings== | ==Changed Meanings== | ||
+ | Words in this section are no longer used in the way they were used when the KJV was written. This is especially confusing because readers might assume they understand the passage, but have actually misunderstood it. | ||
+ | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! Word | ! Word | ||
Line 51: | Line 53: | ||
| compassion | | compassion | ||
| Isa 63:15; Phil 1:8; 2:1; Col 3:12 | | Isa 63:15; Phil 1:8; 2:1; Col 3:12 | ||
− | | Because it referred to the metaphorical heart, "bowels" also referred to compassion, which also doesn't fit with modern usage. To confuse things further, when modern English speakers talk about their metaphorical "gut" they mean their intuition | + | | Because it referred to the metaphorical heart, "bowels" also referred to compassion, which also doesn't fit with modern usage. To confuse things further, when modern English speakers talk about their metaphorical "gut" they mean their intuition, not compassion. |
|- | |- | ||
| bowels | | bowels | ||
Line 57: | Line 59: | ||
| affection | | affection | ||
| 2 Cor 6:12 | | 2 Cor 6:12 | ||
− | | This passage is especially confusing because it reads, "straitened in your own bowels." "Straiten," often confused with "straighten," means to narrow, and a "narrowing of the bowels" is a common medical ailment. | + | | This passage is especially confusing because it reads, "straitened in your own bowels." "Straiten," often confused with "straighten," means to narrow (as in the Straits of Magellan), and a "narrowing of the bowels" is a common medical ailment. |
|- | |- | ||
| bowels | | bowels | ||
Line 69: | Line 71: | ||
| immediately | | immediately | ||
| Mat 13:21; Mar 6:25; Luk 17:7; 21:9 | | Mat 13:21; Mar 6:25; Luk 17:7; 21:9 | ||
− | | Another phrase that has | + | | Another phrase that has flipped to the opposite meaning. |
|- | |- | ||
| careful | | careful | ||
Line 116: | Line 118: | ||
| find | | find | ||
| remove | | remove | ||
− | | | + | | Psa 29:9, Isa 22:8 |
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 122: | Line 124: | ||
| fictional fire-breathing lizard | | fictional fire-breathing lizard | ||
| various | | various | ||
− | | Deu 32:33; Job 30:29, Neh 2:13; | + | | Deu 32:33; Job 30:29, Neh 2:13; Psa 44:19; Isa 13:22; 34:13; 35:7; 43:20; Jer 9:11; 10:22; 14:6; 49:33; 51:37; Mic 1:8; Mal 1:3; Rev 12:3 (many more) |
| The KJV translates several animals of varying vague descriptions to dragon. Depending on the passage, the animal would better be translated to "venomous snake," "jackal," "sea monster," or any number of other things. | | The KJV translates several animals of varying vague descriptions to dragon. Depending on the passage, the animal would better be translated to "venomous snake," "jackal," "sea monster," or any number of other things. | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 128: | Line 130: | ||
| rapid | | rapid | ||
| secure | | secure | ||
− | | Gen 20:18; Jdg 4:21;Rth 2:8; 2 Ki 6:32; Ezr 5:8; Job 2:3; Psa 33:9; Pro 4:13; Jer 8:5; Jon 1:5; Mat 26:48; Act 16:24; 1 Cor 16:13; Gal 5:1; Phl 1:27; 1 Th 3:8; 2 Th 2:15; 2 Ti 1:13; Tit 1:9; Heb 3:6; Rev 2:13 (many more) | + | | Gen 20:18; Jdg 4:21; Rth 2:8; 2 Ki 6:32; Ezr 5:8; Job 2:3; Psa 33:9; Pro 4:13; Jer 8:5; Jon 1:5; Mat 26:48; Act 16:24; 1 Cor 16:13; Gal 5:1; Phl 1:27; 1 Th 3:8; 2 Th 2:15; 2 Ti 1:13; Tit 1:9; Heb 3:6; Rev 2:13 (many more) |
| This form of fast is where we get the word "fasteners" and "fast asleep." However people rarely use the word in this way anymore. | | This form of fast is where we get the word "fasteners" and "fast asleep." However people rarely use the word in this way anymore. | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 136: | Line 138: | ||
| Song 2:5; 2 Sam 6:19; 1 Chr 16:3; Hos 3:1 | | Song 2:5; 2 Sam 6:19; 1 Chr 16:3; Hos 3:1 | ||
| This is actually the result of a mistranslation. The Hebrew '''ashiyshah `enab'' doesn't mean flagon of wine, but is rather a raisin cake used in rituals. | | This is actually the result of a mistranslation. The Hebrew '''ashiyshah `enab'' doesn't mean flagon of wine, but is rather a raisin cake used in rituals. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | imagination | ||
+ | | creativity | ||
+ | | stubbornness | ||
+ | | Deut 29:19; Jer 7:24; 9:14; 11:8; 13:10; 16:12; 18:12 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | instrument | ||
+ | | musical device, tool | ||
+ | | weapon | ||
+ | | Isa 54:16 | ||
+ | | Fairly obvious considering the context, but, unless you're involved in martial arts. most people today wouldn't call a sword an "instrument." | ||
|- | |- | ||
| leasing | | leasing | ||
Line 142: | Line 156: | ||
| Psa 4:2; 5:6 | | Psa 4:2; 5:6 | ||
| | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | lewd | ||
+ | | lascivious, sexually promiscuous | ||
+ | | vile, evil | ||
+ | | Act 17:5 | ||
+ | | In the past, "lewd" pertained to the lowest of class groups meaning uneducated, base, and vulgar. The definition has shifted to refer primarily to sex. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | liquor | ||
+ | | distilled alcohol | ||
+ | | liquid | ||
+ | | Num 6:3 | ||
+ | | "Liquor" used to just mean liquid (hence the similar spelling), but over time it narrowed to just distilled alcoholic liquids. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| listed | | listed | ||
Line 171: | Line 197: | ||
| dire | | dire | ||
| Gen 19:9; Exo 14:10; Num 22:3; Deu 6:22; Jos 9:24; Jdg 10:9; 1 Sam 1:6; 2 Sam 2:17; 1 Ki 17:17; 2 Ki 3:26; 1 Ch 10:3; 2 Ch 6:29; Ezr 10:1; Neh 2:2; Psa 2:5; Ecc 4:8; Isa 27:1; Jer 13:17; Lam 1:2; Eze 14:21; Dan 6:14; Mic 2:10; Zec 1:2; Mat 17:6; Mar 6:51; Luk 2:9; Act 20:37; Rev 16:2 (many more) | | Gen 19:9; Exo 14:10; Num 22:3; Deu 6:22; Jos 9:24; Jdg 10:9; 1 Sam 1:6; 2 Sam 2:17; 1 Ki 17:17; 2 Ki 3:26; 1 Ch 10:3; 2 Ch 6:29; Ezr 10:1; Neh 2:2; Psa 2:5; Ecc 4:8; Isa 27:1; Jer 13:17; Lam 1:2; Eze 14:21; Dan 6:14; Mic 2:10; Zec 1:2; Mat 17:6; Mar 6:51; Luk 2:9; Act 20:37; Rev 16:2 (many more) | ||
− | | Although not unheard of, this definition is on its way out. | + | | Although not unheard of, this definition is on its way out. Today, people rarely use terms like "sore afraid," "sore amazed," or "sore displeased." |
|- | |- | ||
| tutors | | tutors | ||
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| guardians | | guardians | ||
| Gal 4:2 | | Gal 4:2 | ||
− | | | + | | "Tutor" used to mean anyone who tended after something else, a groundskeeper for example, but it has narrowed to refer to someone tending after a pupil's education. |
|} | |} | ||
Line 183: | Line 209: | ||
==Dropped From Use== | ==Dropped From Use== | ||
+ | Words in this category are so archaic that they have essentially been dropped from use in everyday speech. This is actually less of a problem because most readers will have to look them up and therefore won't accidentally misinterpret them. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Some of these words are still used by specialty occupations or in certain dialects of English. | ||
+ | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! Word | ! Word | ||
Line 192: | Line 222: | ||
| noise | | noise | ||
| Jer 10:22; Nah 3:19 | | Jer 10:22; Nah 3:19 | ||
− | | | + | | Some British speakers might misinterpret this to mean rumor or hearsay. |
|- | |- | ||
| chode | | chode | ||
Line 202: | Line 232: | ||
| apron or breastplate in a uniform | | apron or breastplate in a uniform | ||
| Exo 25:7, 28:4; Lev 8:7; Num 34:23; Jdg 8:27; 1 Sa 2:18; 2 Sa 6:14; 1 Ch 15:27; Hos 3:4 (many more) | | Exo 25:7, 28:4; Lev 8:7; Num 34:23; Jdg 8:27; 1 Sa 2:18; 2 Sa 6:14; 1 Ch 15:27; Hos 3:4 (many more) | ||
− | | | + | | Although not that uncommon among Orthodox Jews. |
|- | |- | ||
| gat | | gat | ||
Line 222: | Line 252: | ||
| a coat of chain mail | | a coat of chain mail | ||
| Exo 28:32; 39:23; Job 41:26 | | Exo 28:32; 39:23; Job 41:26 | ||
− | | | + | | People who enjoy Medieval reenactment or fantasy RPGs might understand this one. |
|- | |- | ||
| murrain | | murrain | ||
Line 252: | Line 282: | ||
| full of anger, wrathful | | full of anger, wrathful | ||
| Gen 4:5-6; Exo 16:20; Jos 22:18; Psa 18:7; Mat 2:16; Rev 12:17 (many more) | | Gen 4:5-6; Exo 16:20; Jos 22:18; Psa 18:7; Mat 2:16; Rev 12:17 (many more) | ||
− | | Not entirely archaic, but | + | | Not entirely archaic, but on its way out. |
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 17:18, 6 June 2019
This page is a list of words in the King James Version of the bible that will most likely be misunderstood by a modern reader either because the word is no longer used in modern English or because the word no longer means what it meant when the KJV was made centuries ago. The purpose of this list is not only to help modern readers of the KJV better understand what they're reading, but also to demonstrate to those who believe the King James Version is the "best" translation that, unless you're a scholar of ancient English, you will misunderstand much of it text.
This list is by no means complete, and I will add to it over time.
Changed Meanings
Words in this section are no longer used in the way they were used when the KJV was written. This is especially confusing because readers might assume they understand the passage, but have actually misunderstood it.
Word | Modern meaning | Archaic meaning | Passages | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
accursed | detestable, hateful | devoted | Jos 6:17-18; 7:1, 11–13, 15; 22:20; 1 Chr 2:7 | Since this is practically the opposite meaning, it will be quite confusing. |
addicted | dependent upon; obsessed with | devoted | 1 Cor 16:15 | Fairly similar, although "addicted" usually has a negative connotation in modern English. |
allow | grant, permit | approve of | Luke 11:48; Rom 14:22; 1 Thess 2:4 | In modern usage "allow" often means you will let something happen even if you don't approve of it, but here it specifically means approval. |
allow | grant, permit | understand | Rom 7:15 | This is a substantially different use. |
amazement | wonder, surprise | fear, terror | 1 Pet 3:6 | Just like "amazing," people pretty much only use this word when they're shocked in a positive way. |
bowels | intestines; innermost area | metaphorical heart | Gen 43:30; 1 Kgs 3:26; Ps 109:18; Isa 16:11; 63:15; Jer 31:20; Lam 1:20; 2:11; Phlm 7, 12, 20 | Where we might say, "I love you with all my heart," an ancient Hebrew might say, "I love you with all my bowels." People are less-frequently using "bowels" to refer to the innermost parts, so it's less likely a modern reader will think of the metaphorical heart instead of the intestines. This makes Song 5:4 seem especially funny, "my bowels were moved for him." |
bowels | intestines; innermost area | compassion | Isa 63:15; Phil 1:8; 2:1; Col 3:12 | Because it referred to the metaphorical heart, "bowels" also referred to compassion, which also doesn't fit with modern usage. To confuse things further, when modern English speakers talk about their metaphorical "gut" they mean their intuition, not compassion. |
bowels | intestines; innermost area | affection | 2 Cor 6:12 | This passage is especially confusing because it reads, "straitened in your own bowels." "Straiten," often confused with "straighten," means to narrow (as in the Straits of Magellan), and a "narrowing of the bowels" is a common medical ailment. |
bowels | intestines; innermost area | anguish | Jer 4:19 | If you heard someone today cry, "My bowels, my bowels!" you probably wouldn't understand this the same way! |
by and by | eventually | immediately | Mat 13:21; Mar 6:25; Luk 17:7; 21:9 | Another phrase that has flipped to the opposite meaning. |
careful | aware of danger | anxious | Luk 10:41; Phil 4:6 | The difference is subtle, but it matters. "Be careful for nothing" doesn't mean be reckless, but rather, don't worry. |
charity | help to those in need | love | 1 Cor 8:1; 13:1–4, 8, 13; 14:1; 16:14; Col 3:14; 1 Thes 3:6; 2 Thes 1:3; 1 Tim 1:5; 2:15; 4:12; 2 Tim 2:22; 3:10; Tit 2:2; 1 Pet 4:8; 5:14; 2 Pet 1:7; 3 Joh 6; Jud 12; Rev 2:19 | A common narrowing of definition. See also "closet" and "tutor." |
closet | small storage room | private room | Joel 2:16; Mat 6:6; Luk 12:3 | In the past, any room not open to the public, like a person's bedroom, could accurately be called a closet, but the usage has narrowed. Additional confusion comes from the modern phrase "coming out of the closet." |
conversation | speaking together | way of life | 2 Cor 1:12; Gal 1:13; Eph 2:3; 4:22; Phil 1:27; 1 Tim 4:12; Heb 13:5, 7; Jas 3:13; 1 Pet 1:8; 2:12; 3:1, 2, 16; 2 Pet 2:7; 3:11 | A fairly dramatic change in definition. |
conversation | speaking together | citizenship | Phil 3:20 | Here, the "conversation" in heaven is not about talking, but being allowed entry. |
discover | find | expose, to bare | Lev 20:18; Deut 22:30; 2 Sam 22:16; Ps 18:15; Isa 3:17; 57:8; Jer 13:26; Ezek 13:14; 16:57; 23:10, 18, 29; Hos 2:10; Nah 3:5; Hab 3:13 | The prefix dis- means to remove, so, "discover" literally means to remove a covering. Today, it is usually used in an exploratory context, like finding a new island or star, but in the 1600s, it was mostly negative, like dis-covering (exposing) a person's nude body for public shaming. |
discover | find | reveal, disclose | 1 Sam 14:8, 11 | Jonathan doesn't expose his nudity to the men, but reveals his position to them. |
discover | find | remove | Psa 29:9, Isa 22:8 | |
dragon | fictional fire-breathing lizard | various | Deu 32:33; Job 30:29, Neh 2:13; Psa 44:19; Isa 13:22; 34:13; 35:7; 43:20; Jer 9:11; 10:22; 14:6; 49:33; 51:37; Mic 1:8; Mal 1:3; Rev 12:3 (many more) | The KJV translates several animals of varying vague descriptions to dragon. Depending on the passage, the animal would better be translated to "venomous snake," "jackal," "sea monster," or any number of other things. |
fast | rapid | secure | Gen 20:18; Jdg 4:21; Rth 2:8; 2 Ki 6:32; Ezr 5:8; Job 2:3; Psa 33:9; Pro 4:13; Jer 8:5; Jon 1:5; Mat 26:48; Act 16:24; 1 Cor 16:13; Gal 5:1; Phl 1:27; 1 Th 3:8; 2 Th 2:15; 2 Ti 1:13; Tit 1:9; Heb 3:6; Rev 2:13 (many more) | This form of fast is where we get the word "fasteners" and "fast asleep." However people rarely use the word in this way anymore. |
flagon of wine | bottle of wine | raisin cake | Song 2:5; 2 Sam 6:19; 1 Chr 16:3; Hos 3:1 | This is actually the result of a mistranslation. The Hebrew 'ashiyshah `enab doesn't mean flagon of wine, but is rather a raisin cake used in rituals. |
imagination | creativity | stubbornness | Deut 29:19; Jer 7:24; 9:14; 11:8; 13:10; 16:12; 18:12 | |
instrument | musical device, tool | weapon | Isa 54:16 | Fairly obvious considering the context, but, unless you're involved in martial arts. most people today wouldn't call a sword an "instrument." |
leasing | renting; letting go; gathering; gleaning | lying | Psa 4:2; 5:6 | |
lewd | lascivious, sexually promiscuous | vile, evil | Act 17:5 | In the past, "lewd" pertained to the lowest of class groups meaning uneducated, base, and vulgar. The definition has shifted to refer primarily to sex. |
liquor | distilled alcohol | liquid | Num 6:3 | "Liquor" used to just mean liquid (hence the similar spelling), but over time it narrowed to just distilled alcoholic liquids. |
listed | recited, enumerated | wished for | Mat 17:12; Mar 9:13 | It's from this usage of the word that we get "listless," or, lacking desire or enthuseasm. |
quick | fast | living | Lev 13:10; 13:24; Num 16:30; Ps 55:15; 124:3; Isa 11:3; Act 10:42; 2 Ti 4:1; Heb 4:12; 1 Pe 4:5 | The phrase "the quick and the dead," popular in gunslinger fiction, actually only means, "the living and the dead." |
rude | impolite | untrained | 2 Cor 11:6 | Saying you're "rude in speech," doesn't mean you speak inappropriately, but rather, you're not trained in oration. |
sod | cut grass turf; contempt, disgust; sodomize | boiled | Gen 25:29 | Totally different from modern use, although an Australian might at least connect it with cooking. |
sore | painfully sensitive; a wound | dire | Gen 19:9; Exo 14:10; Num 22:3; Deu 6:22; Jos 9:24; Jdg 10:9; 1 Sam 1:6; 2 Sam 2:17; 1 Ki 17:17; 2 Ki 3:26; 1 Ch 10:3; 2 Ch 6:29; Ezr 10:1; Neh 2:2; Psa 2:5; Ecc 4:8; Isa 27:1; Jer 13:17; Lam 1:2; Eze 14:21; Dan 6:14; Mic 2:10; Zec 1:2; Mat 17:6; Mar 6:51; Luk 2:9; Act 20:37; Rev 16:2 (many more) | Although not unheard of, this definition is on its way out. Today, people rarely use terms like "sore afraid," "sore amazed," or "sore displeased." |
tutors | teachers | guardians | Gal 4:2 | "Tutor" used to mean anyone who tended after something else, a groundskeeper for example, but it has narrowed to refer to someone tending after a pupil's education. |
Many of the words in this list came from the Grateful to the Dead blog (Part 1, part 2, part3).
Dropped From Use
Words in this category are so archaic that they have essentially been dropped from use in everyday speech. This is actually less of a problem because most readers will have to look them up and therefore won't accidentally misinterpret them.
Some of these words are still used by specialty occupations or in certain dialects of English.
Word | Archaic meaning | Passages | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
bruit | noise | Jer 10:22; Nah 3:19 | Some British speakers might misinterpret this to mean rumor or hearsay. |
chode | simple past tense of "chide" | Gen 31:36; Num 20:3 | Dangerously similar to the vulgar slang, "choad." |
ephod | apron or breastplate in a uniform | Exo 25:7, 28:4; Lev 8:7; Num 34:23; Jdg 8:27; 1 Sa 2:18; 2 Sa 6:14; 1 Ch 15:27; Hos 3:4 (many more) | Although not that uncommon among Orthodox Jews. |
gat | simple past tense of get | Gen 19:27; Exo 24:18; Num 11:30; Jdg 9:48; 1 Sa 13:15; 2 Sa 4:7; 1 Ki 1:1; Psa 116:3; Ecc 2:8; Lam 5:9 (many more) | |
cracknels | a hard biscuit | 1 Ki 14:3 | |
cruse | an earthen pot for liquids | 1 Sa 26:11-12, 16; 1 Ki 14:3; 1 Ki 17:12, 14, 16; 1 Ki 19:6; 2 Ki 2:20 | |
habergeon | a coat of chain mail | Exo 28:32; 39:23; Job 41:26 | People who enjoy Medieval reenactment or fantasy RPGs might understand this one. |
murrain | plague, pestilence | Exo 9:3 | A veterinarian might understand this word. |
neesings | sneezing | Job 41:18 | |
ouches | broaches or clasps | Exo 28:11, 13-14, 25; 39:6, 13, 16, 18 | Seems like it should be the plural of "ouch." |
pottage | a thick soup or stew | Gen 25:29-30, 34; 2 Ki 4:38-39; Hag 2:12 | |
trow | to trust, to have confidence in | Luk 17:9 | |
wroth | full of anger, wrathful | Gen 4:5-6; Exo 16:20; Jos 22:18; Psa 18:7; Mat 2:16; Rev 12:17 (many more) | Not entirely archaic, but on its way out. |