Difference between revisions of "Circumcision of Moses's son"
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| − | The '''circumcision of Moses's son''' is a story from the [[Book of Exodus]] in which Moses | + | The '''circumcision of Moses's son''' is a story from the [[Book of Exodus]] in which Moses's wife Zipporah performs an impromptu circumcision on their son in order to prevent Yahweh from murdering them. The strangeness of the passage has caused people wonder about it for generations and religious people can't agree upon what the passage is supposed to mean, or what moral is supposed to be derived from it. |
==Source== | ==Source== | ||
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===King James Version (1611 CE)=== | ===King James Version (1611 CE)=== | ||
24. And it came to pass by the way in the inn, that the LORD met him, and sought to kill him. | 24. And it came to pass by the way in the inn, that the LORD met him, and sought to kill him. | ||
| − | 25. Then Zipporah took a sharp stone, and cut off the foreskin of her son, and cast it at his feet, and said, Surely a bloody husband art | + | 25. Then Zipporah took a sharp stone, and cut off the foreskin of her son, and cast it at his feet, and said, Surely a bloody husband art thou to me. |
| − | thou to me. | ||
26. So he let him go: then she said, A bloody husband thou art, because of the circumcision. | 26. So he let him go: then she said, A bloody husband thou art, because of the circumcision. | ||
===New International Version (1978 CE)=== | ===New International Version (1978 CE)=== | ||
24. At a lodging place on the way, the LORD met Moses and was about to kill him. | 24. At a lodging place on the way, the LORD met Moses and was about to kill him. | ||
| − | 25. But Zipporah took a flint knife, cut off her son's foreskin and touched Moses' feet with it. "Surely you are a bridegroom of blood | + | 25. But Zipporah took a flint knife, cut off her son's foreskin and touched Moses' feet with it. "Surely you are a bridegroom of blood to me," she said. |
| − | to me," she said. | ||
26. So the LORD let him alone. (At that time she said "bridegroom of blood," referring to circumcision.) | 26. So the LORD let him alone. (At that time she said "bridegroom of blood," referring to circumcision.) | ||
| − | === | + | ===New Revised Standard Version (1989 CE)=== |
| − | 24. | + | 24. On the way, at a place where they spent the night, the LORD met him and tried to kill him. |
| − | 25. | + | 25. But Zipporah took a flint and cut off her son's foreskin, and touched Moses' feet with it, and said, "Truly you are |
| − | 26. So he let him alone. | + | a bridegroom of blood to me!" |
| + | 26. So he let him alone. It was then she said, "A bridegroom of blood by circumcision." | ||
==Dating== | ==Dating== | ||
| − | Since the segment only uses Yahweh, and Yahweh is | + | Since the segment only uses Yahweh, and Yahweh is an anthropomorphic being in the passage, this story is most likely from the J source as described in the [[Documentary Hypothesis]], putting the origin of the written story anywhere from 900-700 BCE, although the oral story could be older. |
==Interpretations== | ==Interpretations== | ||
| Line 35: | Line 34: | ||
==Criticisms== | ==Criticisms== | ||
| + | ===Lack of continuity=== | ||
| + | One way to tell if a passage from an ancient manuscript is not genuine is based on its continuity with the surrounding passages. For example, Jesus and the Adulterous Woman in the [[Gospel of John]] lacks continuity, which makes sense because it is a later addition which doesn't exist in any of the earliest manuscripts. While no early manuscripts of Exodus have survived, we see that same discontinuity with this passage. Prior to this passage, Yahweh is telling Moses what to say to Pharaoh, then Yahweh is trying to murder Moses, then Yahweh tells Aaron to meet with Moses where Moses tells Aaron what Yahweh told him. It certainly appears as though someone just shoved this story right in the middle of an existing narrative. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Subject confusion=== | ||
| + | The original Biblical Hebrew is vague and doesn't identify who Yahweh is trying to murder, Moses or his son. In fact, even though most translations use Moses's name in this passage, twice in the NIV, the Hebrew doesn't mention his name at all and only uses the equivalent of "his." So, who is Yahweh trying to murder? Yahweh almost never punishes his chose patriarch in the Jewish bible, but frequently tortures or murders children for the mistakes of their fathers, so, my bet is Yahweh has it in for the son. However, in every translation I've read, Moses is always the target. The NIV at least has the decency to include a footnote admitting the uncertainty. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Incorrect art=== | ||
| + | Most art which depicts this scene from Exodus shows an angel attacking Moses. | ||
==Adaptions== | ==Adaptions== | ||
Revision as of 12:41, 18 February 2021
The circumcision of Moses's son is a story from the Book of Exodus in which Moses's wife Zipporah performs an impromptu circumcision on their son in order to prevent Yahweh from murdering them. The strangeness of the passage has caused people wonder about it for generations and religious people can't agree upon what the passage is supposed to mean, or what moral is supposed to be derived from it.
Source
The complete passage is found in Exodus 4:24-26.
Leningrad Codex (c. 1008 CE)
24. ויהי בדרך במלון ויפגשהו יהוה ויבקש המיתו׃
25. ותקח צפרה צר ותכרת את־ערלת בנה ותגע לרגליו ותאמר כי חתן־דמים אתה לי׃
26. וירף ממנו אז אמרה חתן דמים למולת׃ פ
King James Version (1611 CE)
24. And it came to pass by the way in the inn, that the LORD met him, and sought to kill him. 25. Then Zipporah took a sharp stone, and cut off the foreskin of her son, and cast it at his feet, and said, Surely a bloody husband art thou to me. 26. So he let him go: then she said, A bloody husband thou art, because of the circumcision.
New International Version (1978 CE)
24. At a lodging place on the way, the LORD met Moses and was about to kill him. 25. But Zipporah took a flint knife, cut off her son's foreskin and touched Moses' feet with it. "Surely you are a bridegroom of blood to me," she said. 26. So the LORD let him alone. (At that time she said "bridegroom of blood," referring to circumcision.)
New Revised Standard Version (1989 CE)
24. On the way, at a place where they spent the night, the LORD met him and tried to kill him. 25. But Zipporah took a flint and cut off her son's foreskin, and touched Moses' feet with it, and said, "Truly you are a bridegroom of blood to me!" 26. So he let him alone. It was then she said, "A bridegroom of blood by circumcision."
Dating
Since the segment only uses Yahweh, and Yahweh is an anthropomorphic being in the passage, this story is most likely from the J source as described in the Documentary Hypothesis, putting the origin of the written story anywhere from 900-700 BCE, although the oral story could be older.
Interpretations
Historical Evidence
There is no physical evidence that any of the events in the story took place, and there is no literary evidence beyond Exodus to corroborate it.
Criticisms
Lack of continuity
One way to tell if a passage from an ancient manuscript is not genuine is based on its continuity with the surrounding passages. For example, Jesus and the Adulterous Woman in the Gospel of John lacks continuity, which makes sense because it is a later addition which doesn't exist in any of the earliest manuscripts. While no early manuscripts of Exodus have survived, we see that same discontinuity with this passage. Prior to this passage, Yahweh is telling Moses what to say to Pharaoh, then Yahweh is trying to murder Moses, then Yahweh tells Aaron to meet with Moses where Moses tells Aaron what Yahweh told him. It certainly appears as though someone just shoved this story right in the middle of an existing narrative.
Subject confusion
The original Biblical Hebrew is vague and doesn't identify who Yahweh is trying to murder, Moses or his son. In fact, even though most translations use Moses's name in this passage, twice in the NIV, the Hebrew doesn't mention his name at all and only uses the equivalent of "his." So, who is Yahweh trying to murder? Yahweh almost never punishes his chose patriarch in the Jewish bible, but frequently tortures or murders children for the mistakes of their fathers, so, my bet is Yahweh has it in for the son. However, in every translation I've read, Moses is always the target. The NIV at least has the decency to include a footnote admitting the uncertainty.
Incorrect art
Most art which depicts this scene from Exodus shows an angel attacking Moses.
Adaptions
Comics
In 2011, the Blasphemer's Bible depicted the story from Exodus and added commentary in comic 497.
Links
- thealmightyguru.com/Blasphemy/Index.php?Id=497 - Blasphemer's Bible.
